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Research appearing in the journal Diabetologia (2009 Feb;52(2):208-12) looked at thiamin supplementation in relation to kidney function in diabetics. Microalbuminuria is an early lab finding that indicates a potential problem with the kidneys. It means that small amounts of protein is getting into the urine. Researchers randomly divided 40 type 2 diabetics with microalbuminuria into two groups. For a three month period, one group received 100 mg. of thiamin, three times each day. The other group received a placebo. On average, the group receiving the thiamin had a 41% decrease in urinary albumin compared to the placebo group. |
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There are three enzymes involved in glucose metabolism that are thiamin dependent, a-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase, pyruvate dehydrogenase, and transketolase. So it stands to reason that thiamin may help with glucose tolerance. A number of studies have shown fiber to help with glucose tolerance (Archives of Internal Medicine [2007; 167(21): 2304-9], to name one of many). A study published in Diabeologia (1998;41:1168-1175) looked at glucose tolerance in nearly 2200 non-diabetic men and women between the ages of 50 and 75. Researchers noted that there was an inverse association between fiber intake and fasting glucose. Fiber intake was also associated with lower glucose two hours into a glucose tolerance test. Adjusting for the lower fasting glucose level existing with high fiber intake negated the glucose lowering effect at two hours post prandial. Thiamin intake was associated with lower glucose at two hours; this lowering effect was independent of fiber intake or fasting glucose levels.
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Research appearing in the Journal of the American Medical Association (2007; 298(12): 1420-8) shows that omega 3 fatty acids may reduce the risk of type 1 diabetes in high-risk children. The definition of “at-risk” was defined as having a parent or sibling with type 1 diabetes, or having a high diabetes risk HLA genotype. One longitudinal, observational study involving 1,770 high-risk children and another case-cohort study involving 244 high-risk children looked at omega-3 fatty acid consumption and the development of islet autoimmunity; it found an inverse relationship between the two. Similarly, there was an inverse relationship between the omega-3 content of red blood cell membranes and the development of islet autoimmunity. Islet autoimmunity risk was defined as being positive for insulin, glutamic acid decarboxylase, or insulinoma-associated antigen-2 autoantibodies on two consecutive visits and still autoantibody positive or having diabetes at last follow-up visit. The authors of the study concluded that omega-3 fatty acid consumption reduced the risk for the development of type 1 diabetes in those at risk. |
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IDDM (Insulin dependent--aka juvenile diabetes): Priorities 1) Consume adequate calories to maintain desirable weight 2) Keep timng of meals and the composition of the diet consistent from day to day, with the carbohydrate content fairly evenly divided from meal to meal. 3) Limit simple carbohydrate to 10-15% of total calories 4) Depending upon the insulin regimen, plan for a bedtime snack to prevent nocturnal hypoglycemia; take midmorning and midafternoon snacks, if needed too match the food intake to the peak insulin action 5) Plan for food to be taken to correct hypoglycemic episodes 6) Plan for food and fluids to be taken for periods of increased physical activity and during illness. 7) Make modifications in the diet for hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and/or renal insufficiency if present. 8) If obeses, follow a low calorie diet to reduce weight (persons with iddm are usually not obese).
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